Vol. 106

Latest Volume
All Volumes
All Issues
2010-07-13

Shaping the Radiation Pattern with MU and Epsilon-Near-Zero Metamaterials

By Bo Wang and Ka-Ma Huang
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 106, 107-119, 2010
doi:10.2528/PIER10060103

Abstract

In this paper, mu and epsilon-near-zero (MENZ) metamaterials are used to convert the waves emitted from an embedded line source to various waveforms. The simulation results show that the converted waveforms are consistent with the exit face shape of the metamaterials. The power distributions in different beams are dependent on the length proportion of the exit faces due to its impedance matching with the surrounding media, which is different from the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterials. A numerical verification with the finite element method (FEM) was presented, followed by physical insights into this phenomenon and theoretical analysis. We also propose some potential applications, including high directive emissions, multi-beams emissions.

Citation


Bo Wang and Ka-Ma Huang, "Shaping the Radiation Pattern with MU and Epsilon-Near-Zero Metamaterials," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 106, 107-119, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10060103
http://test.jpier.org/PIER/pier.php?paper=10060103

References


    1. Tretyakov, S., I. Nefedov, A. Sihvola, S. Maslovski, and C. Simovski, "Waves and energy in chiral nihility," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 17, No. 5, 695-706, 2003.
    doi:10.1163/156939303322226356

    2. Smith, D. R., J. B. Pendry, and M. C. K. Wiltsgire, "Metamaterials and negative refractive index," Science, Vol. 305, 788, 2004.
    doi:10.1126/science.1096796

    3. Lepetit, T., E. Akmansoy, and J. P. Ganne, "Experimental measurement of negative index in an all-dielectric metamaterial," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 95, 2009.

    4. Shelby, R. A., D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, "Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction," Science, Vol. 292, 77, 2001.
    doi:10.1126/science.1058847

    5. Akhlesh, L., "An electromagnetic trinity from negative permittivity and negative permeability," International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, Vol. 23, No. 6, 2002.

    6. Pendry, J. B., "Negative refraction makes a perfect lens," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 85, No. 18, 3966-3969, 2000.
    doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.3966

    7. Jiang, W. X., T. J. Cui, Q. Cheng, J. Y. Chin, X. M. Yang, R. Liu, and D. R. Smith, "Design of arbitrarily shaped concentrators based on conformally optical transformation of nonuniform rational B-spline surfaces," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 92, No. 26, 2008..

    8. Silveirinha, M. and N. Engheta, "Tunneling of electromagnetic energy through subwavelength channels and bends using ε-near-zero materials," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 97, 157403, 2006.
    doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.157403

    9. Tassin, P., X. Sahyoun, and V. Veretennicoff, "Miniaturization of photonic waveguides by the use of left-handed materials," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 92, 203111, 2008.
    doi:10.1063/1.2936299

    10. Chen, H. and C. T. Chan, "Transformation media that rotate electromagnetic fields," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 90, No. 24, 2007.

    11. Pendry, J. B., D. Schurig, and D. R. Smith, "Controlling electromagnetic fields," Science, Vol. 312, No. 5781, 1780-1782, 2006.
    doi:10.1126/science.1125907

    12. Cheng, X., H. Chen, X. M. Zhang, B. Zhang, and B. I. Wu, "Cloaking a perfectly conducting sphere with rotationally uniaxial nihility media in monostatic radar system," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 100, 285-298, 2010.
    doi:10.2528/PIER09112002

    13. Starr, A. F. and D. R. Smith, "Metamaterial electromagnetic cloak at microwave frequencies," Science, Vol. 314, 2006.

    14. Leonhardt, U., "Optical conformal mapping," Science, Vol. 312, No. 5781, 1777-1780, 2006.
    doi:10.1126/science.1126493

    15. Cheng, Q., W. X. Jiang, and T. J. Cui, "Investigations of the electromagnetic properties of three-dimensional arbitrarily-shaped cloaks," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 94, 105-117, 2008.

    16. Zhang, J. J., Y. Luo, H. Chen, and B. I. Wu, "Sensitivity of transformation cloak in engineering," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 84, 93-104, 2008.
    doi:10.2528/PIER08071301

    17. Vafi, K., A. Javan, and M. Abrishamian, "Dispersive behavior of plasmonic and metamaterial coating on achieving transparency," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 22, No. 7, 941-952, 2008.
    doi:10.1163/156939308784150137

    18. Alu, A., M. G. Silveirinha, A. Salandrino, and N. Engheta, "Epsilon-near-zero metamaterials and electromagnetic sources: Tailoring the radiation phase pattern," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 75, No. 15, 2007.
    doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.75.155410

    19. Ziolkowski, , R. W., "Propagation in and scattering from a matched metamaterial having a zero index of refraction," Phys. Rev. E, Vol. 70, 2004.

    20. Enoch, S., G. Tayeb, P. Sabouroux, N. Guerin, and P. Vincent, "A metamaterial for directive emission ," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 89, No. 21, 213902, 2002.
    doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.213902

    21. Yu, Y., L. F. Shen, L. X. Ran, T. Jiang, and J. T. Huangfu, "Directive emission based on anisotropic metamaterials," Phys. Rev. A , Vol. 77, 2008.

    22. Wu, Q., P. Pan, F. Y. L. Meng, W. Li, and J. Wu, "A novel flat lens horn antenna designed based on zero refraction principle of metamaterials," Appl. Phys. A., Vol. 87, 151-156, 2007.
    doi:10.1007/s00339-006-3820-9

    23. Zhou, H., Z. Pei, S. Qu, S. Zhang, J. Wang, Q. Li, and Z. Xu, "A planar zero-index metamaterial for directive emission," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 7, 953-962, 2009.
    doi:10.1163/156939309788355289

    24. Yang, J. J., M. Huang, and J. H. Peng, "Directive emission obtained by Mu and epsilon-near-zero metamaterials," Radio Engineering, Vol. 18, 2009.

    25. Weng, Z. B., X. M. Wang, and Y. Song, "A directive patch antenna with arbitrary ring aperture lattice metamaterial structure," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 13, 1763-1772, 2009.
    doi:10.1163/156939309789566879

    26. Zhou, H., Z. Pei, and S. Qu, "A planar zero-index metamaterial for directive emission," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 7, 953-962, 2009.
    doi:10.1163/156939309788355289

    27. Weng, Z. B., Y. C. Jiao, G. Zhao, and F. S. Zhang, "Design and experiment of one dimension and two dimension metamaterial structures for directive emission," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 70, 199-209, 2007.
    doi:10.2528/PIER07010301

    28. Zhang, J., Y. Luo, H. Chen, L. Ran, B. I. Wu, and J. A. Kong, "Directive emission obtained by coordinate transformation," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 81, 2008.
    doi:10.2528/PIER08091205

    29. Kong, F., B. I. Wu, J. A. Kong, J. Huangfu, S. Xi, and H. Chen, .

    30. Yang, Y., X. Zhao, and T. Wang, "Design of arbitrarily controlled multi-beam antennas via optical transformation," J. Infrared Milli Terahz Waves, Vol. 30, 337-348, 2009.
    doi:10.1007/s10762-009-9463-0

    31. Turpin, J. P., A. T. Massoud, Z. H. Jiang, P. L. Werner, and D. H. Werner, "Conformal mappings to achieve simple material parameters for transformation optics devices," Optics Express, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2010.
    doi:10.1364/OE.18.000244

    32. Vendik, I. B., M. A. Odit, and D. S. Kozlov, "3D isotropic metamaterial based on a regular array of resonant dielectric spherical inclusions," Metamaterials, Vol. 3, 140-147, 2009.
    doi:10.1016/j.metmat.2009.09.001

    33. Anthony, G. and V. E. George, "Isotropic three-dimensional negative-index transmission- line metamaterial," Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 98, 043106, 2005.

    34. Baena, J. D., "Electrically small isotropic three-dimensional magnetic resonators for metamaterial design," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 88, 2006.
    doi:10.1063/1.2190442

    35. Shelby, R. A., D. R. Smith, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Microwave transmission through a two-dimensional, isotropic, left-handed metamaterial," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 74, No. 4, 2001.

    36. Koschny, T., L. Zhang, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Isotropic three-dimensional left-handed metamaterials," Physical Review B, Vol. 71, 2005.
    doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.71.245105

    37. Matra, K. and N. Wongkasem, "Left-handed chiral isotropic metamaterials: Analysis and detailed numerical study," Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics, Vol. 11, 2009.