Vol. 148

Latest Volume
All Volumes
All Issues
2014-08-15

Microwave Resonators for Weak Light Detection at Telecom Wavelength

By Pin-Jia Zhou, Yiwen Wang, Qiang Wei, and Lian-Fu Wei
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 148, 183-191, 2014
doi:10.2528/PIER14050308

Abstract

We report the experimental measurements of weak light signal at 1550 nm wavelength with a high-quality factor microwave coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonators. The quality factor of this niobium λ/4 CPW resonator is measured as Q = 7.4×105 at ultra-low temperature (20 mK). With this device, we developed a technique to implement the proper fiber-resonator coupling, and realized the desirable weak light detection at telecommunication wavelength with 35 pW resolution by probing the shift of resonance frequency (f0). We found that the resonator shift increases with the increasing light power (from 11.7 pW to 9.77 nW), similar to the effects of increasing the system temperature (from 20 mK to 800 mK). The observed blue shifts of f0 (with the increasing of either the temperature and the applied light powers) are thoroughly deviated from the usual Mattis-Bardeen theory prediction, and could be explained by the effects relating to the two-level system existed on surface of the CPW device.

Citation


Pin-Jia Zhou, Yiwen Wang, Qiang Wei, and Lian-Fu Wei, "Microwave Resonators for Weak Light Detection at Telecom Wavelength," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 148, 183-191, 2014.
doi:10.2528/PIER14050308
http://test.jpier.org/PIER/pier.php?paper=14050308

References


    1. Horodecki, R., P. Horodecki, M. Horodecki, and K. Horodecki, "Quantum entanglement," Rev. Mod. Phys., Vol. 81, 865-942, 2009.
    doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.81.865

    2. Fukuda, D., et al., "Titanium-based transition-edge photon number resolving detector with 98% detection efficiency with index-matched small-gap fiber coupling," Opt. Express, Vol. 19, No. 2, 870-875, 2011.
    doi:10.1364/OE.19.000870

    3. Namekata, N., et al., "Non-Gaussian operation based on photon subtraction using a photon-number-resolving detector at a telecommunications wavelength," Nature Photonics, Vol. 4, 655-660, 2010.
    doi:10.1038/nphoton.2010.158

    4. Ekert, A. K., "Quantum cryptography based on Bells theorem," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 67, 661-663, 1991.
    doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.661

    5. Goltsman, G. N., et al., "Picosecond superconducting singlephoton optical detector," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 79, No. 6, 705-707, August 2001.
    doi:10.1063/1.1388868

    6. Eisenmenger, W., Superconducting Tunnelling Junctions as Phonon Generators and Detectors, 2010.

    7. Irwin, K. D., "An application of electrothermal feedback for high resolution cryogenic particle detection," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 66, April 1995.

    8. Lita, A. E., A. J. Miller, and S. W. Nam, "Counting near-infrared single-photons with 95% efficiency," Opt. Express, Vol. 16, 3032-3040, 2008.
    doi:10.1364/OE.16.003032

    9. Day, P. K., H. G. LeDuc, B. A. Mazin, A. Vayonakis, and J. Zmuidzinas, "A broadband superconducting detector suitable for use in large arrays," Nature, Vol. 425, 817-821, October 2003.

    10. Mazin, B. A., B. Bumble, and P. K. Day, "Position sensitive x-ray spectrophotometer using microwave kinetic inductance detectors," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 89, No. 22, 222507, 2006.
    doi:10.1063/1.2390664

    11. Noroozian, O., et al., "Crosstalk reduction for superconducting microwave resonator arrays," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 60, No. 5, May 2012.
    doi:10.1109/TMTT.2012.2187538

    12. Mattis, D. C. and J. Bardeen, "Theory of the anomalous skin effect in normal and superconducting metals," Phys. Rev., Vol. 111, 412-417, 1958.
    doi:10.1103/PhysRev.111.412

    13. Tinkham, M., Introduction to Superconductivity, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996.

    14. Barends, R., et al., "Niobium and Tantalum high Q resonators for photon detectors," IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., Vol. 17, 263, 2007.
    doi:10.1109/TASC.2007.898541

    15. Quaranta, O., T.W. Cecil, and A. Miceli, "Tungsten silicide alloys for microwave kinetic inductance detectors," IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., Vol. 23, No. 3, 2400104, June 2013.
    doi:10.1109/TASC.2012.2232963

    16. Gao, J. S., et al., "Experimental evidence for a surface distribution of two-level systems in superconducting lithographed microwave resonators," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 92, 152505, 2008.
    doi:10.1063/1.2906373

    17. Li, H. J., et al., "Experimental demonstrations of high-Q superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators," Chinese Sci. Bull., Vol. 58, No. 1, 1-5, 2012.

    18. Hammer, G., et al., "Coupling of microwave resonators to feed lines," IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., Vol. 19, No. 3, June 2009.
    doi:10.1109/TASC.2009.2018476

    19. Mazin, B. A., Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors, 2005.

    20. Ponchak, G. E., J. Papapolymerou, and M. M. Tentzeris, "Characterization of liquid crystal polymer (LCP) material and transmission lines on LCP substrates from 30 to 110 GHz," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., Vol. 53, No. 713, 2005.

    21. Kumar, S., et al., "Temperature dependence of the frequency and noise of superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 92, 123503, 2008.
    doi:10.1063/1.2894584

    22. Wisbey, D. S., et al., "Effect of metal/substrate interfaces on radio-frequency loss in superconducting coplanar waveguides," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 108, 093918, 2010.
    doi:10.1063/1.3499608

    23. Khalil, M. S., F. C. Wellstood, and K. D. Osborn, "Loss dependence on geometry and applied power in superconducting coplanar resonators," IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., Vol. 21, No. 3, June 2011.
    doi:10.1109/TASC.2010.2090330

    24. Phillips, W. A., "Two-level states in glasses," Rep. Prog. Phys., Vol. 50, 1657-1708, 1987.
    doi:10.1088/0034-4885/50/12/003

    25. Phillips, W. A., "Tunneling states in amorphous solids," J. Low Temp. Phys., Vol. 7, 351, 1972.
    doi:10.1007/BF00660072

    26. Anderson, P. W., B. I. Halperin, and C. M. Varma, "Anomalous low-temperature thermal properties of glasses and spin glasses," Philos. Mag., Vol. 25, No. 1, 1972.
    doi:10.1080/14786437208229210

    27. Gao, J., et al., "A titanium-nitride near-infrared kinetic inductance photon-counting detector and its anomalous electrodynamics," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 101, 142602, 2012.
    doi:10.1063/1.4756916

    28. Wuensch, S., R. Prinz, C. Groetsch, and M. Siegel, "Optimized microwave LEKID arrays for high-resolution applications," IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., Vol. 23, No. 3, June 2013.
    doi:10.1109/TASC.2013.2251056