χ(3) nonlinearity enables ultrafast femtosecond scale light-to-light coupling and manipulation of intensity, phase, and frequency. χ(3) nonlinear functionality in micro- and nano-scale photonic waveguides can potentially replace bulky fiber platforms for many applications. In this review, we summarize and comment on the progress on χ(3) nonlinearity in chip-scale photonic platforms, including several focused hot topics such as broadband and coherent sources in the new bands, nonlinear pulse shaping, and all-optical signal processing. An outlook of challenges and prospects on this hot research field is given at the end.
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