Polariton assisted tunable directionality provides an intrinsic ingredient to various micro/nano integrated optical systems. Their capabilities of light manipulation in mesoscopic structures allow numerous beneficial properties in information processing. The realization of active near-field directionality by tuning the input signal of system bias is more preferable than that by reconfiguring the nanostructures. Recent progresses on the multiple hybrid dipole radiations ensure another methodology in realizing tunable directionality. Here we investigate some exotic near-field phenomena in a 5-layer waveguide consisted of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) illuminated by hybrid dipole sources such as a Circular dipole, a Huygens dipole or a Janus dipole. We demonstrate divergent behaviors of hybrid polariton excitations subject to various source types and the tunability of switching between phonon-like polaritons and plasmon-like polaritons. We also show that the flipping of the group velocity of excited hybrid polaritons can be used to flexibly tune the transportation direction away from the dipolar sources. To be specific, when the group velocity of supported polariton flips its sign, the energy flow will shift to the opposite side accordingly. Such phenomena are promising in the design of reconfigurable and multifunctional nanophotonic devices.
2. Chervy, T., et al., "Room temperature chiral coupling of valley excitons with spin-momentum locked surface plasmons," ACS Photonics, Vol. 5, 1287, 2018.
3. Gururanayanan, S., et al., "Electrically driven unidirectional optical nanoantennas," Nano Letters, Vol. 17, 7433, 2017.
doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03312
4. Divinskiy, B., et al., "Excitation and amplification of spin waves by spin-orbit torque," Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, 1802837, 2018.
doi:10.1002/adma.201802837
5. Sinev, I., et al., "Chirality driven by magnetic dipole response for demultiplexing of surface waves," Laser & Photonics Reviews, Vol. 11, 1700168, 2017.
doi:10.1002/lpor.201700168
6. Wang, M., et al., "Magnetic spin-orbit interaction of light," Light: Science & Applications, Vol. 7, 24, 2018.
doi:10.1038/s41377-018-0018-9
7. Li, P., et al., "Optical nanoimaging of hyperbolic surface polaritons at the edges of van der Waals materials," Nano Letters, Vol. 17, 228, 2017.
doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03920
8. Li, Y., et al., "Orientation-dependent exciton-plasmon coupling in embedded organic/metal nanowire heterostructures," ACS Nano, Vol. 11, 10106, 2017.
doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b04584
9. Sinev, I., et al., "Steering of guided light with dielectric nanoantennas," ACS Photonics, Vol. 7, 680, 2020.
doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.9b01515
10. Liu, F., et al., "Surface-plasmon-polariton diode by asymmetric plano-concave nanocavities," Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 6, 1701226, 2018.
doi:10.1002/adom.201701226
11. Cao, S., et al., "Directional light beams by design from electrically driven elliptical slit antennas," Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, Vol. 9, 2361, 2018.
doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.221
12. Stauber, T., et al., "Unidirectional plasmonic edge modes on general two-dimensional materials," 2D Materials, Vol. 6, 045023, 2019.
doi:10.1088/2053-1583/ab2f05
13. Atabaki, A., et al., "Integrating photonics with silicon nanoelectronics for the next generation of systems on a chip," Nature, Vol. 556, 349, 2018.
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0028-z
14. Miri, M., et al., "Exceptional points in optics and photonics," Science, Vol. 363, 42, 2019.
doi:10.1126/science.aar7709
15. Cheben, P., et al., "Subwavelength integrated photonics," Nature, Vol. 560, 565, 2018.
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0421-7
16. Sengupta, K., et al., "Terahertz integrated electronic and hybrid electronic-photonic systems," Nature Electronics, Vol. 1, 622, 2018.
doi:10.1038/s41928-018-0173-2
17. West, P., et al., "Searching for better plasmonic materials," Laser & Photonics Reviews, Vol. 4, 795, 2010.
doi:10.1002/lpor.200900055
18. Ni, G., et al., "Fundamental limits to graphene plasmonics," Nature, Vol. 557, 530, 2018.
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0136-9
19. Gangaraj, S., et al., "Unidirectional and diffractionless surface plasmon polaritons on three-dimensional nonreciprocal plasmonic platforms," Physical Review B, Vol. 99, 245414, 2019.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.99.245414
20. Picardi, M., et al., "Experimental demonstration of linear and spinning Janus dipoles for polarisation- and wavelength-selective near-field coupling," Light: Science & Applications, Vol. 8, 52, 2019.
doi:10.1038/s41377-019-0162-x
21. Kapitanova, P., et al., "Photonic spin Hall effect in hyperbolic metamaterials for polarization-controlled routing of subwavelength modes," Nature Communications, Vol. 5, 3226, 2014.
doi:10.1038/ncomms4226
22. Ferrari, L., et al., "Hyperbolic metamaterials for dispersion-assisted directional light emission," Nanoscale, Vol. 9, 9034, 2017.
doi:10.1039/C7NR00980A
23. Yermakov, O., et al., "Spin control of light with hyperbolic metasurfaces," Physical Review B, Vol. 94, 075446, 2016.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.94.075446
24. Picardi, M., et al., "Janus and Huygens dipoles: Near-field directionality beyond spin-momentum locking," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, 117402, 2018.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.117402
25. Zhong, Y., et al., "Toggling near-field directionality via polarization control of surface waves," Laser & Photonics Reviews, Vol. 15, 2000388, 2021.
doi:10.1002/lpor.202000388
26. Wigner, E., et al., "Ueber die Erhaltungss¨atze in der Quantenmechanik," Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse, Vol. IIa, 375, 1927.
27. Jiang, Y., et al., "Group-velocity-controlled and gate-tunable directional excitation of Polaritons in graphene-boron nitride heterostructures," Laser & Photonics Reviews, Vol. 12, 1800049, 2018.
doi:10.1002/lpor.201800049
28. Woessner, A., et al., "Highly confined low-loss plasmons in graphene-boron nitride heterostruc-tures," Nature Materials, Vol. 14, 421, 2015.
doi:10.1038/nmat4169
29. Shuang, K., et al., "Dielectric function and plasmon structure of stage-1 intercalated graphite," Physical Review B, Vol. 34, 979, 1986.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.34.979
30. Chew, W., Waves and Fields in Inhomogeneous Media, Ch. 2, Wiley-IEEE Press, 1995.