Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications are characterized by dynamic environments due to the movement of the transceiver and scatterers. This characteristic makes V2V channel modeling particularly challenging. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3-D) geometrical propagation model and a generalized 3-D reference model that include line-of-sight (LoS) and single bounced (SB) rays are proposed for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) V2V multipath fading in different roadway scenarios (e.g., flat roads, intersections and arcuate overpasses). In the models, the transceiver can move with nonlinearly varying velocities in nonlinearly varying directions, and each scatterer can move with a random velocity in a random direction. The corresponding space-time correlation functions (ST-CFs) are analytically investigated and numerically simulated in different roadway scenarios. Finally, the modeled Doppler power spectral density (D-PSD) is compared with the available measured data. The close agreements between the modeled and measured D-PSD curves confirm the utility of the proposed model.
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