Dynamic Inductive Wireless Power Transfer (DIWPT), used for charging and powering electric vehicles (EVs), has been presented lately as a solution for increasing the distance range of electric vehicles and reducing the utilization of heavy and bulky battery systems. In most DIWPT designs, the voltage induced by the movement of the receiving coil over a time-varying magnetic field is neglected and never quantified. In this work, a simplified phasor expression for the total induced voltage on a coil that is moving in a sinusoidal time-variant magnetic vector field is developed. If no rotation is observed in the coil, a 90˚ out of phase voltage component proportional to the speed of the coil is added to the induced voltage that would be calculated if the coil was stationary. The phase of this voltage component is delayed or advanced with respect to the stationary induced voltage, according to whether the coil is moving into or out of a region of higher magnetic flux. Then, under some assumptions on the geometry of inductive coil configurations, it is possible to estimate the minimum induction frequency for which the quasi-stationary approximation can be considered. The resulting frequency value for a representative geometry is calculated, indicating that, for automotive applications, the relative error in the induced voltage is actually negligible, except in the vicinity of the points of zero-crossing in the magnetic flux, where the absolute value of the induced voltage is low anyway.
2. Li, S. and C. C. Mi, "Wireless power transfer for electric vehicle applications," IEEE J. of Emerging and Sel. Topics in Power Electron., Vol. 3, No. 1, 4-17, 2014.
3. Patil, D., M. K. Mcdonough, J. M. Miller, B. Fahimi, and P. T. Balsara, "Wireless power transfer for vehicular applications: Overview and challenges," IEEE Trans. on Transportation Electri cation, Vol. 4, No. 1, 3-37, 2017.
doi:10.1109/TTE.2017.2780627
4. Villa, J., J. Sanz, R. Acerete, and M. Perie, "Design considerations for WPT dynamic charging applications," 2019 AEIT International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive (AEIT AUTOMOTIVE), 1-6, IEEE, 2019.
5. Zakerian, A., S. Vaez-Zadeh, and A. Babaki, "A dynamic WPT system with high efficiency and high power factor for electric vehicles," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 35, No. 7, 6732-6740, 2019.
doi:10.1109/TPEL.2019.2957294
6. Hata, K., T. Imura, H. Fujimoto, Y. Hori, and D. Gunji, "Charging infrastructure design for in-motion WPT based on sensorless vehicle detection system," 2019 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW), 205-208, IEEE, 2019.
doi:10.1109/WoW45936.2019.9030646
7. Laporte, S., G. Coquery, V. Deniau, A. De Bernardinis, and N. Hautiere, "Dynamic wireless power transfer charging infrastructure for future EVs: From experimental track to real circulated roads demonstrations," World Electric Vehicle Journal, Vol. 10, 2019.
8. Kadem, K., M. Bensetti, Y. Le Bihan, E. Laboure, and M. Debbou, "Optimal coupler topology for dynamic wireless power transfer for electric vehicle," Energies, Vol. 14, 2021.
9. Song, B., S. Cui, Y. Li, and C. Zhu, "A narrow-rail three-phase magnetic coupler with uniform output power for EV dynamic wireless charging," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 68, 6456-6469, 2021.
doi:10.1109/TIE.2020.3005072
10. Dai, Z., J. Wang, H. Zhou, and H. Huang, "A review on the recent development in the design and optimization of magnetic coupling mechanism of wireless power transmission," IEEE Systems Journal, Vol. 14, 4368-4381, 2020.
doi:10.1109/JSYST.2020.3004201
11., "On physical lines of force," Philosophical Magazine, Vol. 90, No. sup1, 11-23, 2010.
doi:10.1080/14786431003659180
12. Heaviside, O., "The Electrician,", ser. Electrician series, Vol. 1, \The Electrician" Printing and Publishing Company, Limited, 1893.
13. Rautio, J. C., "The long road to Maxwell's equations," IEEE Spectr., Vol. 51, No. 12, 36-56, 2014.
doi:10.1109/MSPEC.2014.6964925
14. Dinis, J., J. Alberto, and A. J. Marques Cardoso, "Maximizing energy transfer in wireless power transfer systems using maximum power point tracking for in-motion ev and phev charging," 2022 IEEE Transportation Electri cation Conference & Expo (ITEC), 295-299, 2022.
doi:10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814067
15. Abraham, M., The Classical Theory of Electricity and Magnetism, Blackie & Son Limited, 1932.
16. Flanders, H., "Differentiation under the integral sign," The American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. 80, No. 6, 615-627, 1973.
doi:10.1080/00029890.1973.11993339
17. Cho, S. J. and J. H. Kim, "Linear electromagnetic electric generator for harvesting vibration energy at frequencies more than 50 Hz," Advances in Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 10, 2017.
18. Cheung, J. T., "Frictionless linear electrical generator for harvesting motion energy," Tech. Rep., 1-45, Rockwell International, Thousand Oaks, CA, 2004.
19. Chow, T., Introduction to Electromagnetic Theory: A Modern Perspective, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2006.
20., "Road vehicles | Three-dimensional reference system and ducial marks --- De nitions," International Organization for Standardization, Jul. 1978.
21. S. of Automotive Engineers, "SAE J2954: Wireless Power Transfer for Light-duty Plug-in/Electric Vehicles and Alignment Methodology,", ser. Surface vehicle information report, SAE International, 2019.
Submit
