A novel fractal structure using Koch and Sierpinski fractal-shapes is proposed. By inserting the Sierpinski carpets into the single patch and etching the inner and outer patch edges according to Koch curves, the resonant frequency of the patch antenna can be lowered significantly. And the higher of the iteration order of the fractal shapes, the lower the resonant frequency becomes. In this paper, a novel small-size single patch microstrip antenna based on the proposed fractal-shapes is designed, fabricated and measured. It is experimentally found that the size reduction can reach 80.3%. Compared to the conventional square single patch antenna, the proposed antenna maintains comparable radiation patterns. Therefore, the small-size single patch microstrip antenna considered here can be applied to portable wireless communication systems requiring small devices.
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