In this article, a fractal-based composite right/left-handed transmission line (TL) is proposed, and its applications in miniaturized negative-order resonant (NOR) antennas are investigated. The TL unit-cell is constructed by etching a Hilbert-fractal slot on the surface of a substrate integrated waveguide structure. The dispersion analysis shows that the proposed TL can be used to design miniaturized NOR antennas. Then, two fractal-based NOR antennas are designed and fabricated. According to the measured results, the electrical sizes of the fabricated open-ended and short-ended antennas are 75.8% and 74.6% smaller than those of the reported counterparts, respectively. In addition, compared with the microstrip patch antennas, the fabricated antennas exhibit similar gain level and radiation patterns, but have a much smaller electrical size.
2. Shelby, R. A., D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, "Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction," Science, Vol. 292, 77-79, 2001.
doi:10.1126/science.1058847
3. Caloz, C. , H. Okabe, T. Iwai, and T. Itoh, "Transmission line approach of left-handed (LH) materials," Proceedings USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 39-39, San Antonio, TX, 2002.
4. Antoniades, M. A. and G. V. Eleftheriades, "A broadband series power divider using zero-degree metamaterial phase-shifting lines," IEEE Microwave Wireless Compon. Lett., Vol. 15, 808-810, 2005.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2005.859007
5. Lee, C.-J., K. M. K. H. Leong, and T. Itoh, "Composite right/left-handed transmission line based compact resonant antennas for RF module integration," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 54, 2283-2291, 2006.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2006.879199
6. Abdelaziz, A. F., T. M. Abuelfadl, and Q. L. Elsayed, "Leaky wave antenna realization by composite right/left-handed transmission line," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 11, 39-46, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIERL09080901
7. Liu, C.-Y. , Q.-X. Chu, and J.-Q. Huang, "Double-side radiating leaky-wave antenna based on composite right/left-handed coplanar-waveguide," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 14, 11-19, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIERL10012101
8. Geng, L., G.-M. Wang, H.-Y. Zeng, and M.-W. Chui, "Dual composite right/left-handed leaky-wave structure for dual-polarized antenna application," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 35, 191-199, 2012.
9. Lai, A., K. M. K. H. Leong, and T. Itoh, "Infinite wavelength resonant antennas with monopolar radiation pattern based on periodic structures," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 55, , 868-876, 2007.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2007.891845
10. Niu , J.-X., "Dual-band dual-mode patch antenna based on resonant-type metamaterial transmission line," IEE Electron. Lett., Vol. 46, 2010.
doi:10.1049/el.2010.3142
11. Jang, T., J. Choi, and S. Lim, "Compact coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed zeroth-order resonant antennas with extended band-width and high e±ciency on vialess single layer," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 59, 363-372, 2011.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2096191
12. Dong, Y. and T. Itoh, "Miniaturized substrate integrated waveguide slot antennas based on negative order resonance," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 58, 3856-3864, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2078449
13. Dong, Y. and T. Itoh, "Substrate integrated waveguide negative-order resonances and their applications," IET Microw. Antennas Propag., Vol. 4, 1081-1091, 2010.
doi:10.1049/iet-map.2009.0592
14. Che, W.-Q., C.-X. Li, D.-P. Wang, L. Xu, Y. L. Chow, and , "Investigation on the ohmic conductor losses in substrate integrated waveguide and equivalent rectangular waveguide," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Application, Vol. 21, No. 6, 769-780, 2007.
doi:10.1163/156939307780749101
Submit
